UkuqalaLegal & Compliance

AI Disclosure

How artificial intelligence is used within the Ukuqala Platform

Effective 1 May 2026Version 1.0

All AI-generated content is labelled clearly and requires physician review before any clinical use. AI does not diagnose, prescribe, or communicate directly with patients as a healthcare provider.

1

Overview

Ukuqala Health Technologies uses artificial intelligence (“AI”) technology to provide certain features within the Platform. This Disclosure explains which features use AI, how AI works, its limitations, the safeguards in place, and your rights.

We comply with applicable and emerging AI regulations including:

California AB 3030

Healthcare AI Disclosure (effective 1 Jan 2025)

California AB 489

AI Identity Disclosure

Texas HB 149 / TRAIGA

AI Healthcare Disclosure (effective 1 Jan 2026)

EU AI Act

Where applicable to EU users

WHO AI for Health Ethics

Guidance on AI governance (2021)

AU Digital Transformation Strategy

Africa 2020–2030 framework

2

AI-Powered Features on the Platform

AI Clinical Assistant (Chatbot)

Provider: Mistral AI

What it does

Provides physicians with a conversational AI interface for clinical queries, protocol lookups, drug references, and ICD-10 suggestions.

Limitation

Responses reflect the AI's training data, which may not include the most recent guidelines or local African disease contexts. The physician must independently verify all responses.

Symptom Analysis & RSE Risk Stratification

Provider: RSE Engine + Mistral AI

What it does

Processes structured symptom inputs to generate a preliminary risk stratification score (low/medium/high) and suggested clinical pathway for physician review.

Limitation

Risk stratification is a triage aid only. It does not diagnose. The physician must assess the patient holistically and independently of the risk score.

Clinical Notes Assistance

Provider: Mistral AI

What it does

Assists physicians in structuring SOAP clinical notes by suggesting format and prompting for key fields.

Limitation

AI-suggested note content is a draft only. The physician is responsible for the accuracy and completeness of all finalised notes.

ICD-10 Code Suggestion

Provider: Rule-based engine with AI-enhanced matching

What it does

Suggests relevant ICD-10 diagnostic codes based on clinical keywords or symptoms entered by the physician.

Limitation

Suggested codes must be verified by the physician for clinical accuracy for each specific patient.

Drug Interaction Alerts

Provider: Rule-based interaction database with AI-enhanced alerting

What it does

Alerts physicians to potential drug-drug interactions when adding medications to a prescription.

Limitation

The database may not capture all interactions, particularly with traditional/herbal medicines prevalent in African markets. Physician pharmacological judgment is essential.

3

What AI Does NOT Do on This Platform

AI does NOT Diagnose patients

Diagnosis is a clinical act performed exclusively by licensed physicians.

AI does NOT Prescribe medication

Only a licensed, verified physician can issue a prescription.

AI does NOT Communicate directly with patients as a physician

Any AI-generated content that reaches a patient does so through the physician's review and decision.

AI does NOT Make treatment decisions

All treatment decisions are made by the physician.

AI does NOT Replace clinical judgment

It augments it. The physician is always in control.

AI does NOT Represent full African disease coverage

Its outputs may not reflect all diseases prevalent in Central, West, East, or Southern Africa.

4

Mandatory AI Disclosure Label

All AI-generated content within the Platform is labelled with:

AI-Powered — For physician review only

“This content was generated by artificial intelligence and may contain errors. The treating physician must independently verify before clinical use.”

This label appears on:

  • Every AI chatbot response
  • RSE risk stratification outputs
  • AI-assisted clinical note drafts
  • ICD-10 code suggestions marked as AI-generated
  • All AI-generated drug interaction alerts
5

AI Provider — Mistral AI

Mistral AI SAS

15 Rue des Halles, 75001 Paris, France

Data Processing TermStatus
Patient-identifying data transmitted to Mistral AINo — data is anonymised/pseudonymised before AI processing
Your data used to train Mistral AI modelsNo — prohibited under commercial agreement
Data infrastructure locationEU-based; cross-border transfer safeguards apply
GDPR complianceYes — Mistral AI operates under GDPR obligations
6

Known Limitations and Risks of AI

RiskDescriptionMitigation
HallucinationAI may generate plausible-sounding but factually incorrect clinical informationMandatory physician review; 'For review only' labels
Training data biasAI trained predominantly on Western medical literature may underperform for African disease presentationsPhysician override always available; local guidelines take precedence
Outdated knowledgeAI knowledge cutoff may not reflect the most recent guidelines or drug approvalsPhysicians must consult current references; AI is not the primary guideline source
Automation biasPhysicians may over-rely on AI suggestions without independent judgmentUI design actively discourages passive AI reliance
MisclassificationRisk stratification tools may under- or over-estimate risk in individual patientsRSE scores are triage support only; physician assessment is primary
7

Human Oversight — The Physician Is Always in Control

Ukuqala's AI design philosophy is Human-in-the-Loop (HITL):

No AI output is acted upon without physician review and confirmation

Physicians can dismiss, override, or ignore any AI suggestion at any time

AI features can be toggled off in account settings

Finalised clinical documents reflect the physician's decisions, not raw AI outputs

AI suggestions are never automatically sent to patients

AI does not impersonate licensed healthcare professionals

8

Patient Rights Regarding AI

Right to know

You have the right to ask your physician whether AI tools were used during your consultation.

Right to explanation

You have the right to ask your physician to explain any AI-generated output that influenced your care.

Right to human review

You have the right to request that your physician not use AI tools during your consultation.

Right to object

In jurisdictions where data protection law provides the right to object to automated processing, you may exercise this right by contacting [email protected].

To report a concern about an AI-generated output: [email protected]

This AI Disclosure forms part of the Ukuqala Terms of Service. Prepared in compliance with California AB 3030, AB 489, Texas TRAIGA, the EU AI Act, and WHO AI for Health guidance. Effective 1 May 2026 · Version 1.0